A. Our modern world operates largely on a linear economic model, often described as ‘take, make, dispose’. Companies extract raw materials, manufacture products, and consumers purchase them, use them, and eventually throw them away. This system has led to enormous economic growth, but it has also created a significant environmental problem: ever-increasing amounts of waste. Landfills are overflowing, and our natural resources are being used up at an unsustainable rate. In response to this crisis, a new concept is gaining importance: the circular economy. This approach aims to redesign the way we make and use things, keeping products and materials in use for as long as possible. B. One of the most innovative strategies within the circular economy is the shift from selling products to providing services. This is often called the ‘Product-as-a-Service’ (PaaS) model. In this business model, a customer does not buy a product outright. Instead, they pay a fee to use the product. The company that manufactured the item retains ownership and, crucially, remains responsible for it throughout its entire life. This includes installation, maintenance, repair, and eventually, taking the product…
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